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''Ancrene Wisse'' (also known as the ''Ancrene Riwle''〔This is a modern title for the work, perhaps derived from Morton's 1853 translation.〕 or ''Guide for Anchoresses'') is an anonymous monastic rule (or manual) for anchoresses written in the early 13th century. The work consists of eight parts. Parts 1 and 8 deal with what is called the "Outer Rule" (relating to the anchoresses' exterior life), while Parts 2–7 deal with the "Inner Rule" (relating to the anchoresses' interior life). The didactic and devotional material is supplemented by illustrations and anecdotes, many drawn from everyday life. ==The community== The adoption of an anchorite life was widespread all over medieval Europe, and was especially popular in England. By the early thirteenth century, it was considered distinct from hermits. The hermit vocation permitted a change of location, whereas the anchorites were bound to one place of enclosure, generally a cell connected to a church. ''Ancrene Wisse'' was originally composed for three sisters who chose to enter the contemplative life. In the early twentieth century, it was thought that this might be Kilburn Priory near the medieval City of London, and attempts were made to date the work to the early twelfth century and to identify the author as the Godwyn who led the house until 1130. More recent works have criticised this view, however. Most notably, this is because the dialect of English in which the work is written clearly originates from somewhere in the English West Midlands, not far from the Welsh border. An important step forward was taken by Geoffrey Shepherd in his edition of parts six and seven of the work, in which he showed that the author's reading was extensive. Shepherd linked the author's interests with those of a generation of late twelfth-century English and French scholars at the University of Paris, including Peter the Cantor and Stephen Langton. He was a scholarly man, though writing in English in the provinces, who was kept up to date with what was said and being written in the centres of learning of his day. EJ Dobson produced the most influential modern reassessment of the origins of the work, however. Dobson argues that the anchoresses were enclosed near Limebrook in Herefordshire, and that the author was an Augustinian canon at nearby Wigmore Abbey in Herefordshire named Brian of Lingen.〔Eric Dobson, ''The Origins of Ancrene Wisse'', (1976)〕 Bella Millett has subsequently argued that the author was in fact a Dominican rather than an Augustinian, though this remains controversial. The revision of the work contained in the Corpus manuscript (used by most modern translations) can be dated between 1224 and 1235.〔''Ancrene Wisse'', trans. Anne Savage and Nicholas Watson, (1991), p42〕 The date of the first writing of the work is more controversial, and tends to depend upon one's view of the influence from the pastoral reforms of the 1215 Fourth Lateran Council. Shepherd believes that the work does not show such influence, and thinks a date shortly after 1200 most likely. Dobson argues for a date between 1215 and 1221, after the council and before the coming of the Dominicans to England. The general contours of this account have found favour in modern textbook assessments of the text.〔A view originating from EJ Dobson, ''The Origins of the Ancrene Wisse'', (Oxford: OUP, 1976). See Bernard McGinn, ''The Varieties of Vernacular Mysticism'', (New York: Herder & Herder, 2012), p332. See also ''Anchoritic Spirituality'', trans Anne Savage and Nicholas Watson, (1991), who follow Dobson's account of the origins of the text.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ancrene Wisse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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